摘 要
沖壓工藝是塑性加工的基本方法之一。它主要用于加工板料零件，所以有時(shí)也叫板料沖壓。沖壓不僅可以加工金屬板料，而且也可以加工非金屬板料。沖壓加工時(shí)，板料在模具的作用下，于其內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生使之變形的內(nèi)力。當(dāng)內(nèi)力的作用達(dá)到一定程度時(shí)，板料毛坯或毛坯的某個(gè)部位便會(huì)產(chǎn)生與內(nèi)力的作用性質(zhì)相對(duì)應(yīng)的變形，從而獲得一定的形狀、尺寸和性能的零件。
沖壓生產(chǎn)靠模具與設(shè)備完成加工過(guò)程，所以它的生產(chǎn)率高，而且由于操作簡(jiǎn)便，也便于實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化。
沖壓產(chǎn)品的尺寸精度是由模具保證的，所以質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，一般不需再經(jīng)過(guò)機(jī)械加工便可使用。
沖壓加工一般不需要加熱毛坯，也不像切割加工那樣大量切削材料，所以它不但節(jié)能，而且節(jié)約材料。沖壓產(chǎn)品的表面質(zhì)量較好，使用的原材料是冶金工廠大量生產(chǎn)的軋制板料或帶料，在沖壓過(guò)程中材料表面不受破壞。
因此，沖壓工藝是一種產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量較好而且成本低的加工工藝。用它生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品一般還具有重量輕且剛性好的特點(diǎn)。
我國(guó)考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，早在2000多年前，我國(guó)已有沖壓模具被用于制造銅器，證明了中國(guó)古代沖壓成型和沖壓模具方面的成就就在世界領(lǐng)先。1953年，長(zhǎng)春第一汽車制造廠在中國(guó)首次建立了沖模車間，該廠于1958年開始制造汽車覆蓋件模具。我國(guó)于20世紀(jì)60年代開始生產(chǎn)精沖模具。在走過(guò)了溫長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展道路之后，目前我國(guó)已形成了300多億元（未包括港、澳、臺(tái)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，下同。）各類沖壓模具的生產(chǎn)能力。
關(guān)鍵詞：模具 沖壓工藝 材料
Abstract
Blunt press a craft is one of the basic methods that the Su process.It is mainly used for processing plank to anticipate spare parts, so sometimes also call the plank anticipate blunt press.Blunt press can not only process metals plank to anticipate, but also can also process nonmetal plank to anticipate.Blunt press to process, the plank anticipates under the function of molding tool and make it transform at its internal creation of inside dint.When inside the function of dint attain certain degree, the plank anticipate a certain part of semi-finished product or semi-finished product and then will produce with inside the function property of dint opposite in response to of transform, acquire certain shape, size and the spare parts of function thus
Blunt press to produce to be processed process by molding tool and equipments completion, so it of rate of production Gao, and because of operation simple, also easy to realization mechanization and automation.
Blunt press the size accuracy of product is promise by the molding tool of, so quality stable, generally doing not need to through machine process again then can use.
Blunt press to process generally don't need to heat semi-finished product, also be unlike to incise to process to so and in great quantities slice to pare material, so it not only economizes on energy, but also economize material.Blunt press the surface quality of product better, the original material of usage is a metallurgy factory mass production of the Ya system plank anticipate or take to anticipate and the material surface is free from breakage in bluntly ran over the distance.
Therefore, it ising blunt to press a craft be a kind of product quality better and the cost lowly process a craft.Use the product that it produce generally still has the weight light and rigid and good characteristics.
Our country study of ancient relics to discover, as early as more than 2000 year agos, our country already have blunt press a molding tool to be used for to make bronze utensils, prove Chinese ancient times blunt press to model with blunt press an achieve of molding tool to lead in the world.Grow spring in 1953 the first car manufactory built up a blunt mold car for the very first time in China and that factory started make a car to overlay a molding tool in 1958.The our country starts produce Jing a blunt molding tool in 60's in 20 centuries.Walk through grow of development road after, the our country has already become more than 100000000 dollars 300 currently(DO not include the statistics of harbor, Ao, pedestal, under together.)Every variety is blunt to press the production ability of molding tool.
Blunt press the development present condition of the molding tool profession and technique trend.
Keyword: Molding tool Blunt press a craft Material. ...
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